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Tensor product moments equal integration against the finite product measure

Statement

For the Gaussian coordinate data of Coordinatewise product-moment functional for tensor polynomials, let μ=μ1⊗⋯⊗μd on the finite product of the relative Borel interval spaces, with binary products iterated from left to right. Every real coordinatewise tensor polynomial P in that definition is integrable and ∫P dμ=I⊗(P). This supplies a measure interpretation of the algebraic functional without redefining it. The conclusion also applies when each marginal measure is a probability law.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: d≥1, the finite positive coordinate moment measures and the real finite polynomial coefficients.

[F1]

Positive-measure Gaussian quadrature moment data gives finite factor measures and finite absolute moments through each required coordinate degree; Coordinatewise product-moment functional for tensor polynomials fixes the finite coefficient and product/sum order.

[F2]

For sigma-finite factors, the product measure exists, has the rectangle formula, is sigma-finite, and is unique gives each binary product measure, its rectangle formula and sigma-finiteness.

[F3]

Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product factors iterated integrals of nonnegative product-measurable functions.

[F4]

Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product gives iterated integration for integrable functions; The Lebesgue integral is linear on L1(μ) gives scalar and finite-sum linearity.

Proof

1.1givenF1F2F5induction

Each factor measure is finite, hence sigma-finite. Iterating [F2] constructs the finite product and makes it finite, with total mass equal to the product of the finite factor masses. For the product of intervals, the product sigma-algebra is the trace of the Euclidean Borel sigma-algebra: [F5] gives the binary Euclidean equality, and tracing its rectangle generators to the interval factors gives the corresponding trace equality; finite induction gives the d-factor case. Hence each coordinate monomial and its absolute value are product-measurable by [F5].

2.1F1F3F4step 1.1inductionalgebra

Fix an allowed multi-index α. Apply [F3] successively to the nonnegative function ∏j=1d∣xj∣αj. At each step the inner one-variable integral is the finite absolute moment of the last coordinate, and it factors out as a nonnegative finite scalar. Induction therefore gives ∫∏j∣xj∣αj dμ=∏j∫∣xj∣αj dμj<∞. Thus the signed real monomial is integrable.

3.1F1F4step 2.1inductionalgebra

Apply [F4] to that integrable monomial, integrating the last coordinate first. Its one-variable signed moment is Mαd(d); repeat for the preceding coordinates. Each use is legitimate by the absolute integrability in step 2.1, and finite induction yields ∫∏jxjαj dμ=∏jMαj(j). At d=1 this is the moment definition itself.

4.1F1F4step 3.1algebra∎

A finite real linear combination of these integrable monomials is integrable by [F4]. Integrating that combination term by term in the fixed coefficient order from [F1] and substituting step 3.1 gives ∫P dμ=∑αcα∏jMαj(j)=I⊗(P). No probability normalization or new choice assumption was used.

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