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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-10-08
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The weighted area form is SL2(R)-invariant

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). In the notation of Holomorphic and antiholomorphic discrete-series models, for every integer n≥2 and g∈G=SL2(R):

(1) The weighted density attached to the model action is invariant: for every f∈Hn+, the change of variables z=g⋅w gives ∣πn(g)f(z)∣2(Im⁡z)n−2dxzdyz=∣f(w)∣2(Im⁡w)n−2dxwdyw after pullback. Thus πn(g) is a bijective linear isometry of Hn+, and πn is a unitary representation on this Hilbert space; the conjugate action πn− is also unitary.

(2) These unitary representations are strongly continuous on G.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC; the weighted models, group actions, and displayed vectors of Holomorphic and antiholomorphic discrete-series models; and the Hilbert space and dense K-type spans of The weighted discrete-series space is a Hilbert space with K-type basis.

[F1]

The action is πn(g)f(z)=j(g−1,z)−nf(g−1⋅z), obeys the group law; the antiholomorphic action is its conjugate (Holomorphic and antiholomorphic discrete-series models).

[F2]

The fractional maps g⋅w=aw+bcw+d and j(g,w)=cw+d define a group action of G on H with nonzero automorphy factors and j(g,z)=cz+d (Holomorphic and antiholomorphic discrete-series models); the elementary identities Im⁡(g⋅w)=Im⁡w/∣j(g,w)∣2 and j(g−1,g⋅w)=j(g,w)−1 are verified in step 1.1.

[F3]

The quotient rule gives ϕg′(w)=(ad−bc)/(cw+d)2=(cw+d)−2, and the real Jacobian of a holomorphic map is ∣ϕg′(w)∣2 (Linearity, product, reciprocal, and quotient rules for complex derivatives, The Jacobian determinant of a holomorphic map is ∣f′∣2 and is positive exactly where f′≠0).

[F4]

A C1 diffeomorphism between open Euclidean sets changes variables for every nonnegative Lebesgue-measurable integrand (A C^1 diffeomorphism satisfies the change-of-variables formula for nonnegative Lebesgue measurable functions).

[F5]

Hn+ is Hilbert and the span of the vectors fn,j is dense; the analogous conjugate span is dense in Hn− (The weighted discrete-series space is a Hilbert space with K-type basis, Holomorphic and antiholomorphic discrete-series models).

[F6]

A unitary representation is a group action by bijective linear isometries on a Hilbert space whose orbit maps are norm-continuous (Strongly continuous unitary representations, invariant linear subspaces and intertwiners).

Proof

technique · direct

Given: The assumptions and notation of the Statement.

1.1F1F2F3algebra

Write ϕg(w)=g⋅w=(aw+b)/(cw+d) and j(g,w)=cw+d. Expanding ϕg(w) against the conjugate denominator gives Im⁡ϕg(w)=Im⁡w/∣cw+d∣2, and multiplying matrices gives the cocycle law j(gh,w)=j(g,h⋅w)j(h,w), which for gh=1 yields j(g−1,g⋅w)=j(g,w)−1. By [F3], ∣det⁡RDϕg(w)∣=∣j(g,w)∣−4; by the imaginary-part identity, (Im⁡ϕg(w))n−2=(Im⁡w)n−2∣j(g,w)∣−2(n−2). The inverse relation gives ∣j(g−1,ϕg(w))∣=∣j(g,w)∣−1, so ∣πn(g)f(ϕg(w))∣2=∣j(g,w)∣2n∣f(w)∣2. Multiplying these three factors cancels the exponent 2n−2(n−2)−4=0, proving the stated pullback identity for the weighted density.

1.2F1F3F4algebraA1

Set w=(z−i)/(z+i) and Ff(w)=(z+i)nf(z). The inverse z=i(1+w)/(1−w) gives y=(1−∣w∣2)/∣1−w∣2 and ∣dz/dw∣2=4/∣1−w∣4, so [F3] and [F4] give ∥f∥n2=22−2n∫D∣Ff(w)∣2(1−∣w∣2)n−2dA(w). Here Ffn,j=wj. Write g−1=(ABCD) and put Pg(w)=i(A−iC)(1+w)+(B−iD)(1−w) and Rg(w)=i(A+iC)(1+w)+(B+iD)(1−w). Substitution in [F1] gives Fπn(g)fn,j(w)=(2i)nPg(w)j/Rg(w)n+j. At g=e one has Pe(w)=2iw and Re(w)=2i. Continuity of their coefficients makes ∣Rg(w)∣≥1 on ∣w∣≤1 for g sufficiently close to e, and the displayed rational functions converge uniformly there to wj. Since n≥2, the disk weight has finite integral, at most π; hence this uniform convergence implies ∥πn(g)fn,j−fn,j∥n→0. Linearity proves continuity at e on their finite span.

2.1F1F4step 1.1algebraA1

The map ϕg:H→H is a C1 diffeomorphism with inverse ϕg−1. Apply [F4] to the nonnegative measurable function z↦∣πn(g)f(z)∣2(Im⁡z)n−2; the pullback identity of step 1.1 gives ∥πn(g)f∥n2=∥f∥n2, including the extended integral identity when either side is infinite. For f∈Hn+ this is finite, so πn(g) maps that space into itself and is an isometry. By [F1], πn(g−1) is its inverse and the maps obey the group law. Thus they are bijective linear isometries; conjugation gives the same claims for πn−.

3.1F1F5F6step 2.1step 1.2algebra∎

This span is dense by [F5], and every πn(g) is an isometry by step 2.1. For arbitrary f and a vector p in the span, ∥πn(g)f−f∥n≤2∥f−p∥n+∥πn(g)p−p∥n. First approximate f and then use step 1.2 to obtain continuity at e. At g0, the group law gives ∥πn(g)f−πn(g0)f∥n=∥πn(g0−1g)f−f∥n→0. Thus [F6] gives strong continuity on G; complex conjugation gives the same conclusion for πn−.

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