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Circle-invariant normal coordinates linearize a bifurcate Killing boost
Statement
Let be a compact spacelike two-sphere in a smooth time-oriented Lorentzian four-manifold. Suppose local commuting Killing fields satisfy , generates a time-oriented circle action preserving , and has positive constant boost rate on its oriented normal plane. Choose the outward normal-plane orientation toward the exterior. There is a circle-invariant orthonormal normal frame , with future timelike and outward, and a normal exponential tube . In this tube the local circle action is and . In the exterior wedge , write and ; then , , and if , then . These coordinate formulas hold while the tube points exist; they do not assert completeness yet.
Statement references
Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions
Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization
Periodic isometries and invariant normal averaging
Normal boost action and invariant two-forms at a fixed surface
A compact spacelike surface has a normal exponential tube
The geodesic initial-value problem and the exponential map of the metric-selected connection
Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class
Local and global flows generated by a vector field
Embedded submanifolds and slice charts
eta-orthogonality and orthogonal complements in a Lorentz vector space
Facts & Assumptions
Given a smooth future timelike normal field along , circle averaging and normalization supply a circle-invariant future unit timelike normal field. The normal boost action is the supplied differential action of . Periodic isometries and invariant normal averaging Normal boost action and invariant two-forms at a fixed surface
A compact framed spacelike surface has a normal exponential tube, and geodesics with prescribed initial data are unique. A compact spacelike surface has a normal exponential tube The geodesic initial-value problem and the exponential map of the metric-selected connection
Smooth Killing fields use the Lorentzian and horizon conventions; their local flows preserve the metric and its unique metric-compatible torsion-free connection, hence its geodesics. The flow law and geodesic invariance give equivariance of the exponential map. Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class Local and global flows generated by a vector field
Surface slice charts give smooth local tangent bases of . The normal fiber consists of the ambient vectors orthogonal to every tangent vector. The induced metric on is positive definite, and the time-orientation field is smooth with ; a timelike vector is future-directed when . The projection and initial normal field needed below are constructed in step 1.1. Embedded submanifolds and slice charts eta-orthogonality and orthogonal complements in a Lorentz vector space Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions
Work in ZFC. Choice is used through the compact normal-tube supplier's metrization and selection of a collision at each shrinking radius, and through the inherited smooth-manifold conventions. The Axiom of Choice
Proof
**Given:**The stated data and complete hypotheses.
Goal: Establish the conclusions on the domains and parameter ranges specified.
In a surface slice chart choose its smooth tangent basis , put , and write for the inverse matrix. Since is positive definite, its determinant is positive and its inverse is smooth by the adjugate formula. For , define . Direct pairing with gives , and is the identity on . Thus and by positive definiteness. These two characterizations uniquely determine , so the chartwise smooth projections agree on overlaps and give , with a smooth rank-two normal bundle. Set . Orthogonality yields and . Therefore is a globally defined smooth future timelike normal field, constructed without assuming a normal frame.
Average and normalize the field from step 1.1 using [F1], obtaining the smooth invariant future unit normal . Write on and set . In any local future/outward orthonormal normal basis , write . The assumed boost matrix then gives , which is outward, unit spacelike and orthogonal to . The formula for proves smoothness. The connected circle preserves the normal-plane orientation and , so it preserves the unique outward unit normal orthogonal to , namely . Changing a future/outward orthonormal basis in a Lorentzian two-plane is a Lorentz boost, which commutes with the positive-rate boost matrix; thus the stated matrix is unchanged in this frame. Apply [F2] to obtain a uniform tube.
To justify [F3]'s equivariance, differentiate the pullback metric along a Killing flow: its derivative is the pullback of , so it is an isometry. Pulling back the connection preserves its two defining conditions; uniqueness identifies the pulled-back connection with the original one. Uniqueness of its geodesics gives where defined. The fixed-point differential boost from [F1] therefore gives the claimed exact boost formula in . The same argument for , with its invariant frame, gives its base-only action. Differentiating the hyperbolic-coordinate change proves , and the other two vector-field formulas follow.
Depends on
- Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions
- Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization
- Periodic isometries and invariant normal averaging
- Normal boost action and invariant two-forms at a fixed surface
- A compact spacelike surface has a normal exponential tube
- The geodesic initial-value problem and the exponential map of the metric-selected connection
- Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class
- Local and global flows generated by a vector field
- The Axiom of Choice
- Embedded submanifolds and slice charts
- eta-orthogonality and orthogonal complements in a Lorentz vector space
Used by · 11
- Proper stationary projection for continued slices
- Lemma 3.3: common spacelike reference collar
- Existence and boost-coordinate description of Hawking-flow heights
- Boundary angle bound and normal-graph cone
- Uniform compact graph and positive-lapse estimates
- A smooth spacelike reference section is a bounded rapidity graph
- The stationary product extends the local boost and circle to a complete collar
- A complete timelike collar flow is a reference product
- An existing stationary graph supplies global projection before any estimate
- Controlled horizon cuts, compact restrictions and a uniform end anchor
- Compact estimates for arbitrary sequences of individually existing slices
Dependency tree · 2 levels
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