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Circle-invariant normal coordinates linearize a bifurcate Killing boost

Statement

Let S be a compact spacelike two-sphere in a smooth time-oriented Lorentzian four-manifold. Suppose local commuting Killing fields K,Z satisfy K∣S=0, Z generates a time-oriented circle action preserving S, and ∇K has positive constant boost rate κ on its oriented normal plane. Choose the outward normal-plane orientation toward the exterior. There is a circle-invariant orthonormal normal frame (e0,e1), with e0 future timelike and e1 outward, and a normal exponential tube Ξ(y,u,v)=exp⁡y(ue0+ve1). In this tube the local circle action is (y,u,v)↦(ψay,u,v) and K=κ(v∂u+u∂v). In the exterior wedge v>∣u∣, write u=rsinh⁡(κτ) and v=rcosh⁡(κτ); then K=∂τ, Z=ZS, and if K=T+ΩZ, then T=∂τ−ΩZS. These coordinate formulas hold while the tube points exist; they do not assert completeness yet.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Given a smooth future timelike normal field along S, circle averaging and normalization supply a circle-invariant future unit timelike normal field. The normal boost action is the supplied differential action of K. Periodic isometries and invariant normal averaging Normal boost action and invariant two-forms at a fixed surface

[F2]

A compact framed spacelike surface has a normal exponential tube, and geodesics with prescribed initial data are unique. A compact spacelike surface has a normal exponential tube The geodesic initial-value problem and the exponential map of the metric-selected connection

[F3]

Smooth Killing fields use the Lorentzian and horizon conventions; their local flows preserve the metric and its unique metric-compatible torsion-free connection, hence its geodesics. The flow law and geodesic invariance give equivariance of the exponential map. Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class Local and global flows generated by a vector field

[F4]

Surface slice charts give smooth local tangent bases of TS. The normal fiber NpS=(TpS)⊥g consists of the ambient vectors orthogonal to every tangent vector. The induced metric on TS is positive definite, and the time-orientation field N is smooth with g(N,N)<0; a timelike vector w is future-directed when g(w,N)<0. The projection and initial normal field needed below are constructed in step 1.1. Embedded submanifolds and slice charts eta-orthogonality and orthogonal complements in a Lorentz vector space Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization Stationary Lorentzian data and tensor conventions

[A1]

Work in ZFC. Choice is used through the compact normal-tube supplier's metrization and selection of a collision at each shrinking radius, and through the inherited smooth-manifold conventions. The Axiom of Choice

Proof

**Given:**The stated data and complete hypotheses.

Goal: Establish the conclusions on the domains and parameter ranges specified.

1.1F4algebraconstruct

In a surface slice chart choose its smooth tangent basis E1,E2, put hij=g(Ei,Ej), and write hij for the inverse matrix. Since h is positive definite, its determinant is positive and its inverse is smooth by the adjugate formula. For V∈TM∣S, define PV=∑i,j=12hijg(V,Ej)Ei. Direct pairing with Ek gives g(PV,Ek)=g(V,Ek), and P is the identity on TS. Thus V−PV∈NS and TS∩NS={0} by positive definiteness. These two characterizations uniquely determine P, so the chartwise smooth projections agree on overlaps and give TM∣S=TS⊕NS, with NS=ker⁡P a smooth rank-two normal bundle. Set n=N∣S−P(N∣S). Orthogonality yields g(n,n)=g(N,N)−g(PN,PN)<0 and g(n,N)=g(n,n)<0. Therefore n is a globally defined smooth future timelike normal field, constructed without assuming a normal frame.

2.1F1F2F4A1step 1.1

Average and normalize the field n from step 1.1 using [F1], obtaining the smooth invariant future unit normal e0. Write B(v)=∇vK on NS and set e1=κ−1B(e0). In any local future/outward orthonormal normal basis (f0,f1), write e0=cosh⁡a f0+sinh⁡a f1. The assumed boost matrix then gives e1=sinh⁡a f0+cosh⁡a f1, which is outward, unit spacelike and orthogonal to e0. The formula for e1 proves smoothness. The connected circle preserves the normal-plane orientation and e0, so it preserves the unique outward unit normal orthogonal to e0, namely e1. Changing a future/outward orthonormal basis in a Lorentzian two-plane is a Lorentz boost, which commutes with the positive-rate boost matrix; thus the stated B matrix is unchanged in this frame. Apply [F2] to obtain a uniform tube.

3.1F1F2F3step 2.1∎

To justify [F3]'s equivariance, differentiate the pullback metric along a Killing flow: its derivative is the pullback of LKg=0, so it is an isometry. Pulling back the connection preserves its two defining conditions; uniqueness identifies the pulled-back connection with the original one. Uniqueness of its geodesics gives ϕsKexp⁡y(w)=exp⁡y(dϕsKw) where defined. The fixed-point differential boost from [F1] therefore gives the claimed exact boost formula in (u,v). The same argument for Z, with its invariant frame, gives its base-only action. Differentiating the hyperbolic-coordinate change proves K=∂τ, and the other two vector-field formulas follow.

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