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Lemma 3.3: common spacelike reference collar

PDF p. 16: Lemma 3.3 and proof

Statement

In the standing regular stationary vacuum construction, with T∣S≢0, maximal original exterior section and mass one, let gq, q∈[0,1], be the smooth Harrison family and let K=T+ΩHZ be the fixed local Hawking field. There is a fixed neighborhood V of S in the original section Σ1 that is spacelike for every gq. Write hˉq=gq∣TΣ1 on this collar, let nˉq be its future unit normal, let ρq be its induced-metric distance to S in the collar, and let νˉq=∇hˉqρq be the normal pointing into the exterior. The metrics, normals and boundary normal exponential maps are smooth in q with uniform bounds of every fixed finite order on a fixed smaller compact collar.

On S, K=0 and ∇νˉq(q)K=κnˉq for the same fixed κ>0. Uniformly as ρq↓0, K=κρqnˉq+O(ρq2) and gq(K,K)=−κ2ρq2+O(ρq3). Thus K is future timelike on V∖S for every q∈[0,1].

There is an open T-saturated collar D0 in the original exterior on which the local fields K,Z extend, agreeing with their original germs, to complete commuting Killing fields of every gq. With this extension understood, ϕsK(x) exists for every s∈R and x∈V∖S, and (s,x)↦ϕsK(x) is a diffeomorphism from R×(V∖S) onto its image (one may take that image to be D0). This establishes precisely the all-time collar flow; it asserts no extension of the local rigidity fields over the whole exterior.

The original-section maximality premise is imposed on the actual physical exterior section C=Σ0∩E for the original metric g, so Hg∣C=0. Where this result uses the original reference section Σ1, it denotes the closure B=C∪S of this actual section. Maximality of a separately labelled chart-side region or another supplied section is not substituted for this premise. The spherical identification and the physical stationary end chart remain independent. Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data

Statement references

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Under the assumed maximality of the actual section C=Σ0∩E, the original lapse/product theorem supplies the complete stationary-flow diffeomorphism R×C→E and positive original lapse on C. Its closure B=C∪S admits an adapted spherical identification with {∣y∣≥1}; neither the specified chart-side coordinate nor the independent physical end radius is identified with that adapted coordinate. Here Σ1=B is the original reference section, as stipulated in the Statement. Remark 1.3: lapse bounds and stationary product

[F2]

The local Hawking/circle fields satisfy K=T+ΩHZ, vanish/tangent as specified, have common constant positive boost rate, and the periodic action preserves future orientation. Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole Periodic isometries and invariant normal averaging Normal boost action and invariant two-forms at a fixed surface

[F3]

The denominator and invariant primitive give a smooth family through S; its metrics are Lorentzian and stationary on the exterior, g1=g, and are K-invariant locally. The bifurcation sphere is spacelike for every gq and the fixed quotient boost rate is preserved. Positivity of the Harrison denominator and horizon bound Invariant Ernst data and smooth K-invariant gauge Single-potential construction of the Harrison one-form family Invertibility, Lorentz signature and stationary norm Preservation of bifurcate horizons and surface gravity

[F5]

The invariant-normal-coordinate helper supplies a circle-invariant future/outward orthonormal normal frame, its normal exponential tube, and the exact boost/circle formulas in the outward wedge. Circle-invariant normal coordinates linearize a bifurcate Killing boost

[F6]

The bounded-rapidity graph helper applies to a smooth spacelike section whose exterior-pointing normal to S has positive spatial component in that frame; it permits a timelike component and requires no circle invariance of the section. With positive original stationary lapse and future-timelike K, it gives a smooth bounded graph, the strict crossing inequality and the unique formal stationary root. A smooth spacelike reference section is a bounded rapidity graph

[F7]

The stationary-saturation helper extends the exact local boost/circle model and its bounded reference graph using the complete original stationary product, when the metric family is stationary and the local fields are Killing for every member. The stationary product extends the local boost and circle to a complete collar

[F8]

The uniform-family collar helper gives common spacelike collars, normal coordinates and signed Taylor expansions for a smooth compact Lorentz metric family with a smooth future field, fixed quotient boost rate, positive original outward boost and positivity of the section tangent form at S. Compact metric families have a common spacelike collar with fixed boost rate

[F9]

The complete reference-product helper gives the all-time K-flow diffeomorphism from the original reference graph onto the stationary collar, and its comparison with the original Cauchy section. A complete timelike collar flow is a reference product

Proof

**Given:**The stated data and complete hypotheses.

Goal: Establish the conclusions on the domains and parameter ranges specified.

1.1A1F2F3F4F8

Extend the original section smoothly through S as already provided by its smooth embedding; maximality of this extension is not needed. At S, T∈TS, so the invertible Harrison tangent map Aq preserves TΣ1. Its restriction there is invertible. The formula gq=(Dq/4)Aq∗g from [F3] therefore makes the section tangent form positive definite at S for every q. The uniform-family lemma in [F8] applies: the zero field makes ∇(q)K connection independent at S, while [F2]–[F3] fix its quotient eigenvalues. It supplies one common spacelike collar, smooth uniformly controlled induced normal data, the positive boost derivative, both uniform Taylor expansions and future timelikeness.

2.1F1F2F4F5F6step 1.1

Use the original metric and [F5] to obtain the invariant frame (e0,e1) and the exact local boost/circle coordinates, with the exterior as the outward wedge. The original section is smooth through S. Its original exterior-pointing unit normal νˉ1 to S is orthogonal to TS, hence has the form νˉ1=βe0+αe1. The outward orientation of this frame is the one toward the actual exterior C in [F1]–[F2], so α>0; unit spacelike length gives α2−β2=1. Thus the side hypothesis of [F6] holds, allowing the tilt β≠0. The positive original stationary lapse in [F1] gives future transversality of T, and step 1.1 gives future-timelike K. Apply [F6] to obtain a smooth graph τ=a(r,y) with ∣a∣≤A, 1+ΩHZSa>0, and the unique formal stationary root. No preservation of the original section by the circle action is assumed. Shrink the common collar once to fit these constructions.

3.1A1F1F2F3F7step 2.1

The coefficient ΩH is nonzero: otherwise T=K would vanish identically on S, contrary to [A1]. Since each gq is stationary and locally K-invariant, LZgq=ΩH−1(LKgq−LTgq)=0 in the common local tube. Thus every hypothesis of the stationary-saturation helper [F7] is met by the original complete product and the bounded reference graph. It explicitly constructs D0 and the same-field all-time extension by transporting unique local graph crossings through the complete T product. This step supplies the missing completeness; it is not inferred merely from timelikeness or a local Taylor estimate.

4.1F1F9step 1.1step 3.1∎

Apply the complete reference-product helper in [F9]. In its global model K=∂τ and the map is (s,r,y)↦(r,a(r,y)+s,y) with the displayed smooth global inverse. It gives the required all-real-time diffeomorphism and identifies its image as the stationary collar saturation. Its comparison with the original Cauchy section is legitimate because the original stationary time diverges at both ends of each orbit. Only original-metric Cauchy data enter that comparison. All uniform estimates remain the local compact-collar bounds proved in step 1.1; no uniform control at unbounded flow times is claimed.

Source notes

These premises specify the generated conditional scope and are not attributed to the original article. The substantive local horizon conclusions are retained. The immutable original extraction is unchanged; in particular, original Theorem 1.1 retains its unresolved source-assessment status.

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