How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Filtration and filtered probability space
Definition
A discrete filtered probability space is , where is a probability space Probability measures and probability spaces, each is a sigma-algebra on Sigma-algebras, and . The sequence is a filtration. Time starts at zero. Neither completeness nor triviality of is required.
Restriction of to has total mass one and is countably additive: a disjoint sequence in is also such a sequence in , with the same union and the same values of . Thus each restriction is a probability measure. This specifies a structure and uses no choice principle. Real-valued processes will be the default.
Definition references
Depends on
Used by
- Empirical-Bernstein confidence-sequence interval update Algorithm
- Minibatch stochastic gradient descent Algorithm
- Sequential likelihood-ratio test Algorithm
- Stochastic gradient descent Algorithm
- A supermartingale supremum threshold need not be attained Counterexample
- Validity under one null law does not give a composite-null test supermartingale Counterexample
- Adapted and integrable stochastic process Definition
- Anytime-valid p-value processes Definition
- Bandit importance-weighted estimator Definition
- Conditionally sub-Gaussian increments Definition
- Confidence sequence for a time-varying target Definition
- Confidence sequences Definition
- Contextual bandit protocol with finite expert advice Definition
- Discrete stopping time Definition
- Filtration-adapted stochastic-gradient oracles and Robbins–Monro updates Definition
- Finite-dimensional linear contextual bandit model Definition
- Nonnegative test supermartingales Definition
- One-sided sub-exponential uniform boundary Definition
- Predictable discrete time process Definition
- Reverse filtration and reverse martingale Definition
- Time-homogeneous Markov chain with transition kernel Definition
- A finite-horizon likelihood-ratio test supermartingale Example
- Constant-step SGD can have a nonzero noise floor Example
- One streaming least-squares SGD update Example
- Uniform empirical-risk sampling gives an unbiased bounded-variance gradient Example
- Client drift under FedAvg gradient dissimilarity Lemma
- Concentration for adaptively sampled MDP observations Lemma
- Conditional moments of the bandit importance-weighted estimator Lemma
- Convex SCAFFOLD client-drift bound Lemma
- Convex SCAFFOLD server-update second moment Lemma
- Coordinate-wise stochastic approximation converges to a contraction fixed point Lemma
- Discrete stochastic local-to-global RMS stability bound Lemma
- Martingale differences are orthogonal in l2 Lemma
- Nonconvex SCAFFOLD control-anchor tracking recursion Lemma
- Nonconvex SCAFFOLD progress in one communication round Lemma
- Nonconvex SCAFFOLD query-point drift bound Lemma
- Nonconvex SCAFFOLD server-update moments Lemma
- One-round progress of strongly convex FedAvg Lemma
- Option II controls track gradients at stored client anchors Lemma
- Predictably weighted bounded martingale differences have a convergent series Lemma
…and 18 more results.
Dependency tree · two levels
5 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- van der Vaart, Martingales, Diffusions and Financial Mathematics (standard reference, not scraped)