Alphabeta Math

Sine, Cosine, and the Definition of Pi: Examples and Counterexamples

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How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

✓ 5 results · all verified · 0 also independently AI-judged
Every result on this page is machine-checked by a proof checker and read in full and owner-audited; the judge is an additional, independent cross-model AI review of the proofs. The 5 not AI-judged were verified by owner audit (typically over a confirmed judge false positive), not failures.
1 · Prerequisites
2 · Logical flowchart

3 · Items

Example

The Bartle-Sherbert bounds 2.828 < pi < 3.185

Counterexample

sin(1/x) has no limit as x tends to zero

Example

x sin(1/x) tends to zero despite its oscillation

Example

The extension of x² sin(1/x) by zero is differentiable but its derivative is discontinuous at zero

False statement

A sector-area squeeze proves lim sin(x)/x=1 without first calibrating angle measure

Sources