Sequences and Series of Functions; Uniform Convergence
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1 · Prerequisites
Abstract Algebra
Linear Algebra
Real Analysis
- Absolute and Conditional Convergence; Rearrangement; Products
- Construction of the Real Numbers via Cauchy Sequences
- Construction of the Real Numbers via Dedekind Cuts
- Continuity, IVT, EVT, and Uniform Continuity
- Countability and Uncountability
- Foundations of the Real Numbers for Analysis
- Limits of Real Functions
- limsup, liminf, and Subsequential Limits
- Monotone Functions, Discontinuities, and Continuity Sets
- Monotone Sequences, Bolzano-Weierstrass, and Cauchy Completeness
- Properties of the Integral and the Working FTC
- Roots, Rational Powers, and Classical Inequalities
- Sequences and Limits
- Series: Convergence and the Nonnegative Tests
- Suprema and Infima
- The Derivative and the Mean Value Theorems
- The Riemann Integral: Definition and Integrability
- Topology of ℝ
Set Theory
2 · Logical flowchart
3 · Items
Definition
Pointwise convergence, uniform convergence, and the uniformly Cauchy condition for sequences of real-valued functions
Lemma
Uniform convergence of real-valued functions implies pointwise convergence
Theorem
A sequence of real-valued functions converges uniformly if and only if it is uniformly Cauchy
Definition
A series of real-valued functions and its pointwise and uniform convergence through its partial sums
Corollary
A series of real-valued functions converges uniformly if and only if its tails are uniformly small
Lemma
Uniform limits respect sums and scalar multiples
Lemma
Products converge uniformly when both factors converge uniformly and one limiting factor and one approximating family are uniformly bounded
Theorem
The uniform limit of continuous real-valued functions on a metric space is continuous
Corollary
The uniform limit of uniformly continuous real-valued functions is uniformly continuous
Definition
The space C(K,ℝ) of continuous real-valued functions on a nonempty compact metric space
Theorem
C(K,ℝ) is complete in the supremum metric for every nonempty compact metric space K
Lemma
Uniformly close integrable functions have integrals differing by at most the interval length times their uniform error
Theorem
A uniform limit of Riemann-integrable functions is Riemann integrable, and its integral is the limit of their integrals
Theorem
If continuously differentiable functions converge at one point and their derivatives converge uniformly on a closed interval, then the functions converge uniformly to a differentiable function whose derivative is the derivative limit
Theorem
The Weierstrass M-test gives absolute pointwise convergence and uniform convergence of a function series
Theorem
Uniform Dirichlet test: uniformly bounded partial sums times a uniformly decreasing null family give a uniformly convergent function series
Theorem
Uniform Abel test: a uniformly convergent function series times a uniformly bounded pointwise monotone family gives a uniformly convergent product series
Theorem
Dini's theorem on a closed interval: monotone pointwise convergence of continuous functions to a continuous limit is uniform
Remark
Agreement of the quantified real-valued definition with the later uniform-metric and uniform-topology formulations
Sources
- J. Lebl, Basic Analysis I, §6.1
- W. Trench, Introduction to Real Analysis
- Stanford Math 63CM, Additional Lecture Notes, Theorem 1.12
- Mathematics LibreTexts, Sequences and Series of Functions
- Stanford Math 63CM, Additional Lecture Notes, Theorem 1.16
- MIT OpenCourseWare 18.100B, Real Analysis, Lectures 20–21
- University of Alberta Math 317, Infinite Series of Functions
- Dini's theorem (Wikipedia)