Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-generatedProof: AI-generated
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Completing a restricted target with universal clique vertices

Statement

Let J be a finite simple graph with n vertices, and let W⊆V(J) have ℓ vertices. Let C be a set of n−ℓ vertices disjoint from W. Form the complete connection of J[W] and the complete graph on C. It contains an ordinary copy of J: an embedding fixes every vertex of W and maps V(J)∖W bijectively onto C. This includes ℓ=0 and ℓ=n.

Here a finite simple graph has a finite vertex set and edges that are two-element subsets of it. The induced graph J[W] has vertex set W and precisely the edges of J with both endpoints in W. The complete graph on C has every two-element subset of C as an edge. The complete connection retains the edges of both graphs and adds every edge with one endpoint on each side. An ordinary embedding is an injective vertex map preserving edges; an ordinary copy is a subgraph isomorphic to J, so extra edges between image vertices are allowed.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: J, W, n, ℓ, and C as in the statement. Write U=V(J)∖W and G for the stated complete connection.

Goal: Construct an ordinary embedding J→G fixing W and mapping U bijectively onto C.

[F1]

A subset of a finite set is finite and has cardinality at most that of the set. The cardinality of a disjoint union of two finite sets is the sum of their cardinalities. Equal finite cardinalities give a bijection. See A subset of a finite set is finite, with | B| ≤ | A|, and equality holds if and only if B = A, The sum rule: a finite disjoint union is finite with | A ∪ B| = | A| + | B| and |⋃_i ∈ I Aᵢ| = ∑_i ∈ I| Aᵢ|, and a sum over a finite index set splits along a partition, The cardinality | A| of a finite set, and Injection, surjection, bijection.

[F2]

For naturals ℓ≤n, n−ℓ denotes the unique natural q with ℓ+q=n. Existence is the definition of ℓ≤n. For uniqueness, if ℓ+q=ℓ+q′, commutativity gives q+ℓ=q′+ℓ, and right cancellation gives q=q′. See Order on the natural numbers, Addition is commutative, and Addition is cancellative.

[F4]

A function f:A→B assigns each element of A exactly one value in B. See A function is a relation f with (a,b) ∈ f and (a,c) ∈ f implying b = c; f : A → B, the value f(a), domain and codomain.

Proof

technique · direct construction
1.1givenF1F2

The sets W and U are disjoint finite subsets of V(J) with union V(J). Thus ℓ≤n and n=ℓ+∣U∣. By the characterization of n−ℓ, ∣U∣=n−ℓ=∣C∣. Choose a bijection b:U→C. This also applies if either set is empty.

2.1step 1.1givenF1F3F4

Define f(v)=v for v∈W and f(v)=b(v) for v∈U. The two domains partition V(J), so each vertex receives exactly one value in W∪C=V(G); thus this defines a function f:V(J)→V(G). The two image sets W and C are disjoint. Since the identity on W and b are injective, f is injective; it fixes W and maps U bijectively onto C.

3.1step 2.1F3

Let {x,y} be an edge of J. If both endpoints lie in W, it is an edge of J[W] and hence of G. If both lie in U, their distinct images lie in C and are adjacent in the complete graph on C. If one lies in each part, their images are adjacent by the complete connection. Therefore f preserves every edge of J.

4.1step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1F3∎

The map f is consequently an ordinary embedding, and its image vertices and image edges form an ordinary copy of J in G. The construction and checks remain valid when W or U is empty, giving the two stated boundary cases.

Depends on

Used by · 1

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Each result is drawn at its shortest distance from this item. Arrows run from prerequisites to the items that use them; this item has a heavier outline. External source nodes link directly to the cited text. The view shows up to two dependency steps; open a prerequisite to continue.