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Every finite-dimensional normed space is Banach

Statement

Let X be a normed space over K∈{R,C} and assume X admits an ordered basis of finite length. Then X is a Banach space in the sense of Banach space.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A normed space X over K∈{R,C} with an ordered basis e:n→X.

[L1]

The basis map T:Kn→X is a topological isomorphism (A chosen algebraic basis identifies a finite-dimensional normed space with a coordinate space).

[L3]

C is the real coordinate plane with coordinate arithmetic (C is the real coordinate plane, with coordinate arithmetic). The coordinate ℓ1 function is a complex norm (The complex coordinate sum norm, including the zero space), and realification preserves its metric (Realification preserves a complex norm and its metric).

[L4]

A Banach space is a normed space complete for its norm metric (Banach space).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L4

By [L1], it is enough to prove that Kn is complete for the coordinate ℓ1 norm, because a bounded bijection with bounded inverse preserves Cauchy sequences and their limits.

1.2L2

In the real case K=R, if n=0 then R0={0} is complete trivially. If n≥1, [L2] applies directly to the ℓ1 norm on Rn, so Rn is complete.

1.3L2L3algebra

In the complex case, if n=0 the coordinate space is a singleton and complete. If n≥1, let Ψ:Cn→R2n send each coordinate to its real and imaginary parts. By [L3] it is a real-linear bijection, and Q(u):=∥Ψ−1u∥1 is a real norm on R2n. It is complete by [L2]. Since Q(Ψa−Ψb)=∥a−b∥1, the bijection Ψ transports Cauchy sequences and limits exactly; thus Cn is complete in its complex coordinate norm metric.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2step 1.3L1

Let (xm) be a Cauchy sequence in X, and write am:=T−1xm. Since T−1 is bounded, (am) is Cauchy in Kn; by steps 1.2 and 1.3 it converges to some a∈Kn. Since T is bounded, xm=T(am)→T(a) in X. Thus every Cauchy sequence in X converges in X.

3.1L4step 2.1∎

By [L4], step 2.1 says exactly that X is Banach.

Remarks

  • The only substantive input is completeness of finite-dimensional real coordinate space. Everything else is transport of structure.

Depends on

Used by

…and 4 more results.

Dependency tree · two levels

44 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources