Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6.1-sol)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

An ample linearization embeds equivariantly after a positive power

Statement

Assume AC as inherited from the projective and ample-sheaf suppliers. Let G be a complex affine algebraic group acting algebraically on a complex projective variety X (projective variety classical), and let L be an ample G-linearized invertible sheaf (G-linearizations of invertible sheaves on a complex G-variety, Absolute ampleness by affine section opens). Then there exist m≥1, a finite-dimensional rational G-module V, and a G-equivariant closed immersion i:X↪P(V) with i∗O(1)≅L⊗m as G-linearized invertible sheaves. Moreover i can be taken to be the morphism defined by the complete linear system ∣L⊗m∣.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A complex affine algebraic group G acting algebraically on a complex projective variety X, an ample G-linearized invertible sheaf L on X, and the resulting rational G-modules Γ(X,L⊗n).

[F1]

Sections of tensor powers. Each Γ(X,L⊗n) is a rational G-module for the action induced by the linearization, restriction to G-stable opens is equivariant, and the multiplication maps of the section ring R(X,L) are G-equivariant. (Linearizations of tensor powers and the equivariant section ring)

[F2]

Very ample positive powers. Applied to the proper finite-type morphism X→Spec⁡C over the Noetherian base Spec⁡C and to the ample sheaf L, the very-ampleness theorem supplies m≥1 and a finite family of global sections of L⊗m generating L⊗m whose associated C-morphism X→PCN is a closed immersion with O(1) pulling back to L⊗m. Projectivity gives properness of X over C by Projective morphisms are proper, which also gives properness, hence separatedness, of projective space. (High powers of an ample line bundle embed a proper scheme, Absolute ampleness by affine section opens)

[F3]

Sections define morphisms. Global sections s0,…,sN generating an invertible sheaf M define a morphism X→PN with φ∗O(1)≅M, φ−1(D+(xi))=Xsi and xj/xi↦sj/si; the assignment is a natural bijection between such morphisms and isomorphism classes of globally generated pairs (M;s0,…,sN). (Generating line-bundle sections define a morphism to projective space, Maps to projective space equal generating line-bundle data, Global generation by the evaluation map)

[F4]

Rational modules and duality. The dual of a finite-dimensional rational G-module is again a rational G-module for the contragredient action, and a morphism into a projective space P(V) is G-equivariant for the action induced by a linear G-action on V exactly when the corresponding sections are acted on compatibly. (Classical complex affine algebraic actions and rational modules)

[F5]

Global sections of a coherent sheaf on a proper field-scheme are finite-dimensional, and a morphism from a proper field-scheme to a separated field-scheme is proper. (Finite-dimensional coherent cohomology over a field, Morphisms from a proper scheme to a separated one are proper)

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F2F3

By [F2] applied to X→Spec⁡C there are m≥1 and global sections s0,…,sN of L⊗m generating L⊗m whose associated morphism is a closed immersion X↪PCN with O(1) pulling back to L⊗m; in particular L⊗m is globally generated and Γ(X,L⊗m)≠0.

2.1F2F3F5step 1.1

Put H=Γ(X,L⊗m), finite-dimensional by projective cohomology finiteness, and V=H∗. The complete-system morphism j:X→P(V) exists by global generation [F3], with j∗O(1)=L⊗m. Let W⊆H be the span of the generating sections used for the closed immersion of step 1.1, discard linear relations, and extend a basis of W to a basis of H. Projection to the W-coordinates is defined on the open U⊆P(V) where those coordinates do not all vanish, and j(X)⊆U. On each standard chart for a generating section in W, the map from the affine chart coordinate ring to the corresponding open of X is surjective already using ratios from W, since the subsystem map is a closed immersion. Adding the other ratios preserves surjectivity, so j is a closed immersion into U. Finally X is projective, hence proper, and P(V) is separated, so j is proper; its image is closed in P(V). Its closed immersion into U therefore is a closed immersion into P(V) as well.

3.1F1F4step 2.1

Equivariance. By [F1] the space Γ(X,L⊗m) is a rational G-module, so its dual V carries the contragredient rational structure by [F4]. The evaluation map Γ(X,L⊗m)⊗COX→L⊗m is G-equivariant: for a section σ, a point x and g∈G one has (g⋅σ)(gx)=g σ(x), because (g⋅σ)(gx)=g σ(g−1gx) by the definition of the action. Hence the morphism defined by the complete linear system intertwines the actions and is G-equivariant for the induced action on P(V). The evaluation quotient also identifies i∗O(1) with L⊗m equivariantly: the fibre of the tautological line at i(x) is the evaluation line in H∗, and dualizing its equivariant inclusion gives exactly the equivariant evaluation quotient H→Lx⊗m. With step 2.1 this gives the required G-equivariant closed immersion with i∗O(1)≅L⊗m.

4.1step 2.1step 3.1∎

The integer m, the finite-dimensional rational module V and the G-equivariant closed immersion i defined by the complete linear system have been produced in steps 2.1 and 3.1, and i∗O(1)≅L⊗m holds by step 2.1.

Remarks

  • No claim for L itself. The lemma embeds X only after passing to the positive power L⊗m; no item of this pair asserts that L itself is very ample or linearizes an embedding, in accordance with the design's warning that no linearization-existence or very-ampleness statement for an arbitrary ample bundle be made.
  • Register. The properness and ampleness clauses are those of the scheme-theoretic suppliers; the classical projective variety X is used through the identification of its closed-point model with the underlying scheme, as elsewhere on this page.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

79 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources