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The blowup is an isomorphism off the center
Statement
Let be a quasi-coherent ideal sheaf of finite type with zero scheme and let be the blowup. Then the restriction is an isomorphism of schemes, with inverse characterized by the universal property applied to the identity of (where the inverse image of is empty) and to the open immersion . Consequently is the complement of this open subscheme.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A quasi-coherent ideal sheaf of finite type with zero scheme , and the blowup .
Choice. The Axiom of Choice is assumed as inherited from the blowup and Proj constructions used by the cited items.
Affine blowup standard charts and overlaps: For , the standard opens cover , with transition functions .
Affine blowup algebras: normal form, nonzerodivisors, reducedness, domains: For the affine blowup algebra satisfies and , the latter being the ordinary localization of at .
Blowup of a scheme along an ideal sheaf: with its structural morphism to ; the affine chart cover is supplied by [F1].
Universal property of the blowup: For every -scheme whose inverse image of is an effective Cartier divisor there is a unique -morphism .
Effective cartier divisor: A unit equation represents the zero Cartier divisor, the empty effective divisor, and the empty scheme has only this effective divisor.
Exceptional subscheme of a blowup: with ideal sheaf , and is set-theoretically the preimage of .
Proof
Cover by affine opens with ; by [F1] and [F3] the preimage is covered by the charts , and by [F2] the chart ring localizes to after inverting , and this chart contains the entire inverse image of . Indeed, in every chart one has ; wherever is invertible, both and the ratio are invertible. The ratio-overlap formula of [F1] puts this open of chart in chart . Thus the restriction of over the principal open is an isomorphism : it is the structural map followed by localization, and .
These local inverses glue. Let and be any two base opens of the form in step 1.1, possibly in different affine base neighborhoods. The structural map on the whole inverse image is an isomorphism onto . Restricting it to gives an isomorphism . Both local inverse maps restricted to this intersection land in that inverse image and are inverses of this same isomorphism, so they agree. Thus they glue to with . For two charts in one affine base, only the restriction of their chart overlap over is identified with ; the whole ratio overlap can also contain points over .
The morphism is an inverse for . Since is covered by the opens of step 1.1, and over each such open the restriction of is the inverse of the restriction of (step 1.1), the composite agrees with after restriction to the cover of by the opens , on each of which is an isomorphism; hence and , so is an isomorphism.
The inverse is characterized by the universal property: the inverse image of under the identity is empty, hence the zero Cartier divisor, which is effective by [F5]; so [F4] gives a unique -morphism lifting the identity, and is an inverse of over ; by uniqueness of the inverse of the isomorphism of step 3.1, . In particular is the unique morphism over from into the blowup.
Finally is the complement of : by [F6], is set-theoretically the preimage of , so its underlying set is the complement of the underlying set of , i.e. is the complement of the open subscheme in the blowup.
Depends on
Used by
- Blowing up a nonzero ideal on an integral scheme is birational Corollary
- Blowing up a multiple point separates pairwise transverse components Lemma
- Euler characteristic and normalization defect under a point blowup Lemma
- Point blowups of regular surfaces stay regular, with rational exceptional curves at two-dimensional local rings Lemma
- Pushforward and vanishing for point blowups on a surface Lemma
- The blowup of a one-dimensional integral Noetherian scheme at a closed point is finite Lemma
- The intersection matrix of a point blowup of a regular surface Lemma
- Blowing up replaces the center by its projectivized normal directions Remark
- Blowing up a rational point of a smooth surface Theorem
- Resolution of reduced plane curves by point blowups and the delta recurrence Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
30 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- The Stacks Project, Divisors, Sections 31.33-31.36 (Blowing up; Strict transform; Admissible blowups; Blowing up and flatness) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Ravi Vakil, Foundations of Algebraic Geometry, June 27, 2011 draft (author-hosted 'Early (out-of-date) version of The Rising Sea') (standard reference, not scraped)