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Every smooth vector bundle admits a smooth bundle metric
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. Every smooth vector bundle admits a smooth bundle metric.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Countable Choice and a smooth vector bundle .
Under Countable Choice, the base manifold admits smooth partitions of unity subordinate to indexed open covers (Smooth partitions of unity exist on manifolds, The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Local frames are equivalent to local trivializations (Local frames and local trivializations are equivalent data).
Proof
Index an open cover by all pairs supplied by the bundle's local trivializations, so each cover member comes with its trivialization and no separate family of frame choices is needed. Pull back the Euclidean inner product on through to obtain a smooth local bundle metric on .
Under the stated Countable Choice, [L1] gives a smooth partition of unity indexed by these same trivialization pairs, with . Define on and extend it by zero outside ; this is smooth because every point outside the closed support of has a neighbourhood where the term vanishes. The sum is locally finite and smooth. At each point , some , all weights are nonnegative, and , so is positive definite. Thus is a smooth bundle metric.
Depends on
- Smooth bundle metrics
- Local and global frames of a vector bundle
- Local frames and local trivializations are equivalent data
- The Euclidean inner product $\langle x,y\rangle = \sum_{k<n} x_k y_k$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$
- Smooth partitions of unity exist on manifolds
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
- A nowhere-zero section forces the Euler data to vanish Corollary
- Assuming countable choice, every smooth manifold admits a Riemannian metric Corollary
- Every vector subbundle has a smooth complement Corollary
- Hermitian metric and L² pairing on a compact Riemann surface Definition
- Normal bundle of a formal immersion Definition
- The Milnor sphere and disk bundles M_h,j and W_h,j Definition
- The self-intersection number of a complementary-dimensional oriented submanifold Definition
- Existence of compatible connections Lemma
- Finite normal push-off count for an even-dimensional Euclidean immersion Lemma
- Formal immersion gives the tangent normal-bundle identity Lemma
- Oriented real two-plane splitting with real-cohomology injection Lemma
- Positive-codimension thickening reduces closed sources to the open case Lemma
- Pullback of the Thom class along a transverse section computes the Euler class Lemma
- Smoothing continuous families of formal immersions Lemma
- Spherical leaf stability on a closed manifold needs only countable choice Lemma
- The normal Thom class realizes the Poincare dual of a closed submanifold Lemma
- A leafwise positive closed two-form calibrates a taut foliation Proposition
- Orthogonal complements of subbundles are smooth subbundles Proposition
- Every smooth manifold admits a riemannian metric Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
37 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John M. Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds (standard reference, not scraped)
- Will J. Merry, Differential Geometry (standard reference, not scraped)