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The constant-rank theorem for manifolds
Statement
Let be smooth, let , and suppose has constant rank on a neighbourhood of . Then there are smooth charts at and at such that
for near , with the zero in .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A smooth map , a point , and constant rank near .
The rank of at a point is the rank of its differential, and constant rank means that same rank at every point of the chosen set (The rank of a smooth map at a point, Immersions, submersions, and constant-rank maps).
Differentials satisfy the chain rule (The chain rule for differentials of smooth maps).
A nonzero rank minor supplies an explicit local source-coordinate map that is a diffeomorphism; the identity handles rank zero (A nonzero rank minor supplies the source coordinates for the constant-rank theorem).
Chart maps are smooth diffeomorphisms onto open Euclidean sets (Chart maps are diffeomorphisms onto Euclidean open sets).
A local inverse of a smooth Euclidean map with invertible differential is smooth (A local inverse of a regular map is ).
In the source rank coordinates , after shrinking to a product neighbourhood the map has the form (In source rank coordinates, the remaining components depend only on the rank coordinates).
Proof
Choose charts at and at as in [L3], and let . By [L3], the maps and are diffeomorphisms, so their differentials are linear isomorphisms. Therefore [L1] gives for every near , and the rank of equals the rank of . Using [F1], after shrinking the map has constant rank on an open Euclidean neighbourhood of .
After permuting source and target coordinates, use [L2] to form the explicit source map from the first components of the smooth map and the remaining source coordinates. Thus is smooth. Its local inverse is unique and is for every finite by [L4], hence is smooth. Put . By [L5], after shrinking to a product neighbourhood, ; here is smooth because is smooth. The target shear and its explicit inverse are smooth. Therefore near the distinguished point.
Compose the original source chart with and the target chart with the shear: and . By [L3] these are smooth charts, and their coordinate representative for is the normal form from step 2.1.
Therefore has the claimed local slice form around . When or , the empty blocks in the displayed formula are interpreted in the usual way.
Depends on
- The rank of a smooth map at a point
- Immersions, submersions, and constant-rank maps
- The chain rule for differentials of smooth maps
- A nonzero rank minor supplies the source coordinates for the constant-rank theorem
- In source rank coordinates, the remaining components depend only on the rank coordinates
- A local inverse of a $C^k$ regular map is $C^k$
- Chart maps are diffeomorphisms onto Euclidean open sets
Used by
- Local normal form for immersions Corollary
- Local normal form for submersions Corollary
Dependency tree · two levels
23 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John M. Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, Maps of Constant Rank (standard reference, not scraped)
- Will J. Merry, Differential Geometry (standard reference, not scraped)