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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-22
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Marsden--Weinstein--Meyer symplectic reduction

Statement

Assume ACω. Let (M,ω,G,μ) be a Hamiltonian G-space, let α∈g∗ be a regular value of μ, and suppose that the coadjoint stabilizer Gα acts freely and properly on the level μ−1(α). Put

Mα:=μ−1(α)/Gα,π:μ−1(α)⟶Mα,

with the quotient structure, and let ι:μ−1(α)↪M be the inclusion. Then Mα is a smooth manifold and there is a unique symplectic form ωα on Mα satisfying

π∗ωα=ι∗ω.

The pair (Mα,ωα) is the symplectic reduction of (M,ω,μ) at α.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: ACω, a Hamiltonian G-space with moment map μ, a regular value α, and a free proper Gα-action on the level.

[A1]

ACω is countable choice; it is used only through the fundamental-field, level-set and quotient suppliers cited below.

[F1]

If μ−1(α) is nonempty, it is an embedded submanifold with Tpμ−1(α)=ker⁡dμp, and ι∗ω is a smooth two-form on it. If it is empty, it is the empty smooth manifold and all pointwise tangent assertions below are vacuous. A regular level set is an embedded submanifold, The tangent space of a regular level set is the kernel.

[F2]

Since Gα acts freely and properly on μ−1(α), the quotient Mα is a smooth manifold and π is a smooth surjective submersion. Free proper action quotient manifold.

[F3]

Gα preserves the level and acts by restrictions of the symplectic action, which preserves ω. The moment level is invariant under the coadjoint stabilizer, Symplectic and Hamiltonian Lie-group actions.

[F4]

On the level, ker⁡(ι∗ω)p=Tp(Gα⋅p) for every p, and the image of this subspace under dπp is zero. The characteristic kernel on a regular moment level, Tangent space of a free proper quotient.

[F5]

A Gα-invariant horizontal form on the free proper Gα-manifold μ−1(α) descends to a unique form on Mα; a form on Mα with zero pullback is zero. An invariant horizontal form on a free proper quotient descends uniquely.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F3

If the level is empty, its quotient is the empty smooth manifold and the unique two-form on it is closed and nondegenerate vacuously, so the conclusion holds. Henceforth suppose the level is nonempty. The restricted form ι∗ω is Gα-invariant: for h∈Gα the action ah preserves the level by [F3], so ah∣μ−1(α) is a diffeomorphism of the level with ι∘ah∣level=ah∘ι, and (ah∣level)∗ι∗ω=ι∗ah∗ω=ι∗ω because ah preserves ω.

1.2F4

The restricted form is horizontal for the Gα-action: by [F4] each vertical vector ξM(p), ξ∈gα, lies in the kernel of (ι∗ω)p, so any contraction of ι∗ω with a vertical entry vanishes.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2F2F5

By the descent lemma [F5] applied to the free proper Gα-action on the level, there is a unique two-form ωα on Mα with π∗ωα=ι∗ω.

3.1step 2.1F5F6

Closedness: π∗(dωα)=d(π∗ωα)=d(ι∗ω)=ι∗(dω)=0 by [F6]; a form on the base with zero pullback vanishes by [F5], so dωα=0.

3.2step 2.1F4

Nondegeneracy: let v∈T[p]Mα with ωα(v,w)=0 for all w∈T[p]Mα. Choose v~∈Tpμ−1(α) with dπpv~=v; since π restricted to the level is a submersion, every w~∈Tpμ−1(α) is a lift of some w, so (ι∗ω)p(v~,w~)=ωα(v,dπpw~)=0 for all w~∈Tpμ−1(α). Hence v~∈ker⁡(ι∗ω)p=Tp(Gα⋅p) by [F4], and therefore v=dπpv~=0 by [F4]. Thus ωα is pointwise nondegenerate.

4.1step 2.1step 3.1step 3.2F2A1∎

Steps 3.1 and 3.2 show that ωα is closed and nondegenerate, hence symplectic on the manifold Mα of [F2]; step 2.1 gives existence and uniqueness of the form with π∗ωα=ι∗ω.

Depends on

Used by

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