How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Proper morphisms
Definition
A morphism of schemes is proper if and only if it is separated, of finite type, and universally closed. Here separatedness has the meaning of Separated morphism of schemes, finite type has the meaning of Locally finite type and finite type morphisms, and universally closed has the meaning of Universally closed morphisms. The definition applies to arbitrary schemes: it assumes neither Noetherian hypotheses nor finite presentation.
Depends on
Used by
- Degree is additive on invertible sheaves over a proper curve Corollary
- Euler characteristic in a proper flat family is locally constant Corollary
- Every smooth proper curve admits a projective embedding Corollary
- Finite morphisms are proper Corollary
- Finite-dimensional coherent cohomology over a field Corollary
- Global functions on geometrically connected and geometrically reduced proper schemes Corollary
- Proper birational normal curves agree off finitely many points Corollary
- The degree of a divisor descends to the Picard group of a normal proper curve Corollary
- Upper semicontinuity of fibre cohomology dimensions Corollary
- A genus-zero curve need not be the projective line Counterexample
- A nonclosed open immersion is not proper Counterexample
- A proper nonprojective scheme from glued projective spaces Counterexample
- Proper cohomology need not be finite for noncoherent sheaves Counterexample
- The affine line is not proper Counterexample
- The fixed point theorem fails without completeness: the additive group acts on the affine line by translations Counterexample
- Under AC, proper integral finite-type schemes over fields with multiple points are not affine Counterexample
- Abelian schemes over a base Definition
- Abelian varieties over a field Definition
- Bivariant Chow operations and bivariant classes Definition
- Cohomology and base-change map Definition
- Complete varieties Definition
- Curves over a field Definition
- Degree divisor proper curve Definition
- Degree of an invertible sheaf on a proper one-dimensional scheme Definition
- Euler characteristic of a coherent sheaf Definition
- Exceptional curves of the first kind and their contractions Definition
- Genus and arithmetic genus of a curve Definition
- Geometric genus of a singular curve Definition
- Normal scheme modifications and normalized point blowups Definition
- Parabolic subgroups of an affine algebraic group Definition
- Principal parts of an invertible sheaf on a curve Definition
- Pushforward of coherent sheaves in algebraic K-theory Definition
- Relative very ampleness in the finite projective-space convention Definition
- Split augmented simplicial schemes and matching objects Definition
- All twists on the projective line Example
- Principal divisors on the projective line have degree zero Example
- Resolving the quadric cone by one blowup Example
- The empty morphism is finite, proper and projective Example
- The quotient of GL2 by the diagonal torus is the complement of the diagonal in P1 x P1 Example
- The twists on the projective line have degree n Example
…and 69 more results.
Dependency tree · two levels
11 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Stacks Project, Morphisms of Schemes, §29.42 Definition 29.42.1 (standard reference, not scraped)