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The ring of holomorphic germs is a UFD
Statement
For every integer , the holomorphic germ ring is a unique factorisation domain.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A fixed dimension .
A UFD is an integral domain in which every nonzero nonunit factors into irreducibles uniquely up to order and associates (Unique factorisation domain).
If is a domain, its field of fractions is , and for every field the polynomial ring is a UFD (The field of fractions of an integral domain, For every field , is a unique factorisation domain).
Over a UFD, primitive products stay primitive and primitive irreducibility is the same over the coefficient ring and its field of fractions (Gauss lemma over a UFD).
Regular germs prepare to Weierstrass polynomials, and those polynomial factorizations correspond exactly to germ factorizations (Weierstrass preparation theorem, Prepared factorizations correspond to germ factorizations).
Every nonzero germ becomes regular after a linear coordinate change, and one-variable holomorphic germs factor by zero order (After a linear coordinate change, every nonzero germ is regular in the last variable, The order of a zero is the exponent in its local holomorphic factorization).
Units are exactly the nonvanishing germs (A germ is a unit exactly when its value at is nonzero, so is local).
A holomorphic function on a connected neighbourhood that vanishes on a nonempty open subset vanishes identically (A holomorphic function vanishing on a nonempty open subset of a domain vanishes identically).
Proof
The proof is by induction on . For , every nonzero nonunit germ has the form with and a unit by [L5]. Thus the only irreducible germs are the associates of , and every factorization is determined uniquely by the zero order. So is a UFD.
Assume and that is a UFD. Then is a domain by [L1], so its field of fractions exists by [L2], and is a UFD by [L2]. Using [L3], every primitive polynomial in is irreducible there exactly when it is irreducible in , and products of primitive polynomials remain primitive. Therefore every nonzero polynomial in factors uniquely, up to order and associates, by first factoring in and then clearing denominators. Hence is a UFD.
Let be a nonzero nonunit. By [L5], after a complex-linear coordinate change the pulled-back germ is regular in . By [L4], write with a unit and a Weierstrass polynomial. Since is a UFD by step 1.2, factor into irreducible polynomials. The correspondence in [L4] turns this into an irreducible factorization of , and applying gives an irreducible factorization of .
For uniqueness, let be any factorization of into irreducible germs. Applying gives a factorization of . Since is regular, [L4] makes each regular and gives prepared polynomials whose product is . Step 1.2 gives uniqueness of the factorization of in , so after reordering each is associate to one of the . Then [L4] makes the corresponding germs associate to the prepared factor coming from , and applying returns uniqueness for the original factorization of .
It remains to check that is a domain. Suppose as germs on a connected polydisc. If were nonzero, the set where would be a nonempty open subset, and on it ; [L7] would force on the whole polydisc. Thus implies or . For , steps 2.1, 3.1, and 4.1 therefore give existence, uniqueness, and the domain property required by [L1]; together with the base case in step 1.1, this completes the induction.
Depends on
- Unique factorisation domain
- The field of fractions $\operatorname{Frac}(D)=(D\setminus\{0\})^{-1}D$ of an integral domain
- For every field $F$, $F[x]$ is a unique factorisation domain
- Gauss lemma over a UFD
- Prepared factorizations correspond to germ factorizations
- After a linear coordinate change, every nonzero germ is regular in the last variable
- Weierstrass preparation theorem
- The order of a zero is the exponent in its local holomorphic factorization
- A germ is a unit exactly when its value at $0$ is nonzero, so $\mathcal O_{m,0}$ is local
- A holomorphic function vanishing on a nonempty open subset of a domain vanishes identically
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
44 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Jiří Lebl, Tasty Bits of Several Complex Variables, Theorem 6.4.2 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Jaap Korevaar and Jan Wiegerinck, Several Complex Variables, Theorem 4.5.6 (standard reference, not scraped)