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is local with unique maximal ideal
Statement
Let be a prime ideal of a commutative ring . Then is a nonzero local ring. Its unique maximal ideal is and its units are exactly the fractions with .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A commutative ring and a prime ideal .
The denominators of are the elements outside (Localisation at a prime ideal: ).
A fraction is a unit exactly when belongs to the denominator set for some (A fraction is a unit in exactly when for some ).
Fractions satisfy exactly when some denominator annihilates ; in particular, a fraction vanishes exactly when some denominator annihilates its numerator (Equality, vanishing, and the kernel of the localisation map).
A local ring is a nonzero commutative ring with a unique maximal ideal (A local ring is a nonzero commutative ring with a unique maximal ideal).
Proof
The ring is nonzero: if , [F3] gives with , impossible because .
By [F2], if , then is a unit by taking . If and lay outside , the ideal property would be contradicted; hence is not a unit. Thus the displayed set is exactly the set of nonunits.
Membership in the displayed set is independent of the chosen fraction: if with , then [F3] gives with . Hence ; primality and force .
The displayed set is an ideal: common-denominator addition and multiplication by arbitrary fractions preserve numerator membership in . It is proper because , so is not in it. Every proper ideal contains only nonunits, so step 1.2 makes every proper ideal lie inside it. It is therefore the unique maximal ideal, and [F4] makes local.
Depends on
Used by
- Height is bounded by the minimal number of local generators Corollary
- Rₚ/pRₚcongFrac(R/p) is the residue field at p Corollary
- Spec A with its structure sheaf is a locally ringed space Corollary
- A localization of the integers at p need not be Henselian Example
- F[x]₍ₓ₎ is the ring of rational functions defined at 0, with maximal ideal generated by x and residue field F Example
- Localising cyclic abelian groups and Q/Z at a prime Example
- The ideal (x,y) in k[x,y]_(x,y) has two minimal generators Example
- The p-primary quotient Q/Z_(p) over Z_(p) shows finite generation is essential in Nakayama Example
- ℤ₍ₚ₎ consists of rationals with denominator not divisible by p, has maximal ideal pℤ₍ₚ₎, and residue field Fₚ Example
- A prime chain in R[x] has length at most one more than its contraction chain Lemma
- Finite prime chains lift through module-finite domain extensions without Choice Lemma
- Finite-type field extensions with zero Ω Lemma
- Finite-type maps from Jacobson rings induce finite residue-field extensions at maximal ideals Lemma
- Flat maps with geometrically regular fibres have standard smooth local presentations Lemma
- Invertible Jacobian minor gives regular parameters in a polynomial fibre Lemma
- Local DVRs at the nonzero primes force dimension one Lemma
- Reduce the principal ideal theorem to a Noetherian local domain Lemma
- The stalk maps induced by a ring map are local Lemma
- The support of a cyclic quotient is its vanishing set Lemma
- Unramified residue extensions are finite separable Lemma
- Comparable primes with the same contraction are equal under an integral map Theorem
- Converse to Krull's height theorem in localised form Theorem
- Equivalent local characterizations of Dedekind domains Theorem
- Height-one localizations of normal Noetherian domains are DVRs Theorem
- Support of a tensor product of finite modules is the intersection of the supports Theorem
- The classical affine local ring is localization at the point's maximal ideal Theorem
- The local ring at a point of an affine variety is the localization at its maximal ideal Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
11 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- The Stacks Project, Section 10.18: Local rings (standard reference, not scraped)