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Formal immersion between smooth manifolds
Definition
Assume for the smooth tangent-bundle constructions. Let and be smooth manifolds, with their canonical smooth tangent bundles (Assuming countable choice, the tangent bundle has a canonical smooth 2n-manifold structure, The induced tangent bundle chart, Tangent-bundle chart transitions are smooth with smooth inverses) and smooth global differential (Assuming countable choice, the global differential of a smooth map is smooth). A formal immersion from to is a pair in which is a smooth map and is a smooth bundle map over , meaning where are the bundle projections, and is injective for every . The pair is a formal immersion of rank into rank , so, when is nonempty, necessarily ; equality of ranks is allowed and makes each a linear isomorphism. A smooth map is an immersion exactly when is a formal immersion; no orientation, metric, framing or properness is part of the datum. If is empty the unique pair satisfies the fibre condition vacuously, irrespective of the dimensions.
Depends on
- Smooth manifolds and their smooth charts
- $C^r$ and smooth maps between smooth manifolds
- The tangent bundle as a disjoint union
- The differential of a smooth map
- Smooth vector bundles, rank, fibres, and trivial bundles
- Vector bundle maps over a smooth base map
- Immersions, submersions, and constant-rank maps
- Assuming countable choice, the global differential of a smooth map is smooth
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Assuming countable choice, the tangent bundle has a canonical smooth 2n-manifold structure
- The induced tangent bundle chart
- Tangent-bundle chart transitions are smooth with smooth inverses
Used by
- A bundle map with rank drop is not a formal immersion Counterexample
- A closed manifold with formally plausible rank data needs positive codimension Counterexample
- Compact parameter pairs and relative families Definition
- Normal bundle of a formal immersion Definition
- Space of immersions and space of formal immersions Definition
- The derivative map from immersions to formal immersions Definition
- An open parallelizable manifold immerses in Euclidean space of equal dimension Example
- Immersing the circle in the plane from a formal line monomorphism Example
- The formal frame homotopy behind sphere eversion Example
- The standard sphere immersion and its normal line Example
- An immersion into Rⁿ gives a rank-(n-m) representative of the stable normal bundle Lemma
- For compact sources the immersion condition is open in the weak smooth topology Lemma
- Formal-immersion homotopies extend over a subcritical handle Lemma
- Immersion extension on a disk: absolute and relative parametric forms Lemma
- Positive-codimension thickening reduces closed sources to the open case Lemma
- Restriction of formal-immersion data has the parametric lifting property Lemma
- Smoothing continuous families of formal immersions Lemma
- Standard and reflected two-sphere immersions have homotopic formal data in R³ Lemma
- Euclidean formal immersions are homotopy equivalent to Stiefel-bundle sections Proposition
- Smale-Hirsch makes rank reduction sufficient for Euclidean immersion in positive codimension Proposition
- Smale's classification of sphere immersions in Euclidean space Theorem
- The Smale–Hirsch immersion theorem Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
32 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Andrew Ranicki, Algebraic and Geometric Surgery, Ch. 7 §7.4 “The Smale–Hirsch classification of immersions”, printed pp. 142–146 (Theorem 7.35, Proposition 7.39) (standard reference, not scraped)
- John Francis, The h-Principle, Lecture 3: Immersion theory (notes by O. Gwilliam), PDF pp. 1–4: Proposition 2.2 (disk), Definition 2.5 (Serre fibration), Definition 2.6 and Proposition 2.7 (flexible sheaves) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Ralph L. Cohen, Bundles, Manifolds, and Homotopy, Ch. 7 §2 “Obstructions to the existence of embeddings and immersions, the Hirsch–Smale theorem”, printed pp. 226–232 (Theorem 7.5, Corollary 7.6) (standard reference, not scraped)