Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-29
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Lying over for integral ring maps

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice.

Let f:A→B be an integral ring map, and let p∈Spec⁡(A) with ker⁡f⊆p. Then there exists a prime ideal q∈Spec⁡(B) such that f−1(q)=p.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: An integral ring map f:A→B and a prime ideal p⊆A containing ker⁡f.

[L1]

Integral ring maps are exactly those whose target elements satisfy monic equations over the source ring (Integral ring maps and integral extensions).

[L2]

Integrality is preserved by localisation (Integrality and integral closure commute with localisation).

[L3]

In an integral extension, a prime upstairs is maximal exactly when its contraction is maximal (Under an integral extension, a prime is maximal if and only if its contraction is maximal).

[L5]

The quotient by a prime ideal is a domain (R/P is an integral domain if and only if P is a prime ideal).

[L6]

Prime ideals of a quotient correspond exactly to primes containing the kernel ideal (Prime ideals of a quotient ring are exactly the prime ideals containing the ideal).

[L7]

Prime ideals of a localisation correspond exactly to primes disjoint from the denominator set (Prime ideals of a localization are exactly the primes disjoint from the denominator set).

[L8]

Assuming the Axiom of Choice, every proper ideal of a nonzero commutative ring is contained in a maximal ideal (In a nonzero commutative ring, every proper ideal is contained in a maximal ideal).

[L9]

A localisation is the zero ring exactly when 0 belongs to the denominator set (Equality, vanishing, and the kernel of the localisation map).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L6given

Let A‾:=A/ker⁡f, let π:A→A‾ be the quotient map, and let p‾:=p/ker⁡f. By [L6], prime ideals of A‾ correspond to prime ideals of A containing ker⁡f, so p‾ is prime. The map f factors through an injective integral map f‾:A‾↪B, so it is enough to find a prime of B contracting to p‾ and then pull it back through [L6].

2.1L2L5L9step 1.1

Replace A by A‾ and write again p for the chosen prime. Set S:=A∖p. By [L5], A/p is a domain, so S contains no zero element of A; since A↪B is injective, 0∉S inside B as well. Hence [L9] shows that S−1B is nonzero. By [L2], the map S−1A→S−1B is integral.

3.1L3L7L8step 2.1

By [L7], prime ideals of Ap=S−1A correspond to prime ideals of A contained in p. Therefore every prime of Ap lies inside pAp, so pAp is the unique maximal ideal of Ap. By [L8], the nonzero ring S−1B has a maximal ideal n. Then [L3] implies that n∩Ap=pAp.

4.1L7step 1.1step 3.1∎

By [L7], the prime ideal n of S−1B is S−1q for a unique prime ideal q of B disjoint from S, and its contraction to A is the contraction of pAp, namely p. Therefore q lies over p. Pulling back through step 1.1 gives a prime of B lying over the original prime of A.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources