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Morse-Sard for smooth manifolds
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. Let be a smooth map between smooth manifolds. Then the critical value set of is a null subset of .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable Choice and a smooth map .
The empty fibre case is regular, so if every differential is surjective then every value of is regular (Regular and critical points and values).
The empty subset of any manifold is null (Null subsets of a smooth manifold).
The critical value set is the image of the critical locus (The critical locus and critical value set).
A countable chart cover detects manifold nullity, and countable unions of manifold null sets are null (A countable chart cover detects manifold null sets, Countable unions and subsets of manifold null sets are null).
In Euclidean charts, the critical value set of a smooth map is null (Morse-Sard for Euclidean maps).
Under Countable Choice, smooth manifolds admit countable smooth atlases with relatively compact domains (Assuming Countable Choice, every smooth manifold admits a countable smooth atlas with relatively compact domains).
Proof
If , then every differential is surjective, so [F1] makes every value of regular. Thus the critical value set is empty, which is null by [F2]. Assume henceforth that .
By [L3] under Countable Choice, take countable smooth atlases on and on ; the latter detects nullity by [L1]. The countable open overlaps cover .
For each pair , the coordinate representative on is smooth between Euclidean open sets with positive-dimensional target. A point of is critical for exactly when its coordinate representative is critical for , because the chart maps have invertible differentials. By [L2], is null.
Fix . The chart image of the critical value set inside is the countable union over of the null sets from step 2.1. By the countable-union clause of [L1] in Euclidean coordinates, this chart image is null. Since this holds for every , [L1] detects the critical value set of as null in .
Depends on
- Morse-Sard for Euclidean maps
- Countable unions and subsets of manifold null sets are null
- A countable chart cover detects manifold null sets
- Assuming Countable Choice, every smooth manifold admits a countable smooth atlas with relatively compact domains
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- The critical locus and critical value set
- Regular and critical points and values
- Null subsets of a smooth manifold
Used by
- Regular values have null complement and are dense Corollary
- Transitive smooth actions identify M with G/H Corollary
- A regular two-parameter continuation datum Definition
- Conformal removability of compact sets Definition
- The mod-two degree of a map to a sphere Definition
- Affine algebraic Whitney strata admit distance exhaustions with finitely many stratified Morse points Lemma
- An isolated fixed point splits under perturbation, preserving its index Lemma
- Existence of regular projections Lemma
- Regular exhaustion and Dirichlet solutions on relatively compact surface domains Lemma
- The framed preimage class is independent of regular value and positive basis Lemma
- The index sum of an outward field is the Gauss degree Lemma
- The inverse of a quasiconformal map is quasiconformal with the same dilatation Lemma
- The local index is additive under a transverse perturbation Lemma
- The mod-two degree is well defined and homotopy invariant Lemma
- Parametric transversality Theorem
- Reidemeister's theorem for oriented diagrams Theorem
- The Hopf degree theorem for oriented domains Theorem
- The Hopf mod-two degree theorem for nonorientable domains Theorem
- The Pontryagin-Thom correspondence in fixed codimension Theorem
- Weyl integration formula Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
26 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John M. Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, 2nd ed. (standard reference, not scraped)
- Marco Gualtieri, Topology I: Smooth Manifolds, cumulative notes (standard reference, not scraped)