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A bounded set in is Jordan measurable iff its boundary is null, equivalently of content zero
Statement
A metric-bounded set is Jordan measurable if and only if its boundary is null, equivalently has content zero.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Metric-bounded in the sense of Bounded subset, diameter, distance from a point to a set, and distance between two sets in a metric space.
If is a nondegenerate rectangle with , then the relative-domain indicator is discontinuous exactly at the ambient boundary . At a boundary point every sufficiently small ambient ball lies in and meets both and its ambient complement, while away from the boundary the indicator is locally constant (Interior, closure, boundary, limit point, isolated point and dense subset of a metric space).
Indicator integrability is Jordan measurability (A bounded set is Jordan measurable iff its indicator is Riemann integrable, and the integral is its Jordan content), and integrability is equivalent to a null discontinuity set (Lebesgue's criterion in : a bounded function on a closed nondegenerate rectangle is Riemann integrable iff its discontinuity set is null).
The boundary is closed: it is the intersection of the closed set with the complement of the open set (Interior, closure, boundary, limit point, isolated point and dense subset of a metric space, The closure of a nonempty is , equals together with its limit points, and is the smallest closed superset, The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement). By Jordan inner and outer content and Jordan measurable bounded sets in , metric boundedness places in a closed bounding rectangle . Since is closed and contains , the smallest-closed-superset property gives . Thus is closed and bounded, hence compact by Heine-Borel in : with the Euclidean metric a subset of is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded, and the proof by bisection uses no choice principle; the same holds on the real line, and compact nullity is equivalent to content zero (For compact subsets of , measure zero and content zero coincide).
Proof
By [L3], choose a closed bounding rectangle for and enlarge every coordinate interval by a fixed positive margin to obtain a nondegenerate rectangle with . By [L1] and [L2], is Jordan measurable exactly when is null.
By [L3], nullity of this compact boundary is equivalent to content zero.
Combining the equivalences proves the criterion.
Depends on
- A bounded set is Jordan measurable iff its indicator is Riemann integrable, and the integral is its Jordan content
- Lebesgue's criterion in $\mathbb{R}^m$: a bounded function on a closed nondegenerate rectangle is Riemann integrable iff its discontinuity set is null
- Interior, closure, boundary, limit point, isolated point and dense subset of a metric space
- The closure of a nonempty $A$ is $\{x : d(x,A) = 0\}$, equals $A$ together with its limit points, and is the smallest closed superset
- The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement
- Bounded subset, diameter, distance from a point to a set, and distance between two sets in a metric space
- Heine-Borel in $\mathbb{R}^n$: with the Euclidean metric a subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded, and the proof by bisection uses no choice principle; the same holds on the real line
- For compact subsets of $\mathbb{R}^m$, measure zero and content zero coincide
- Measure zero and content zero in $\mathbb{R}^m$ by countable and finite cube covers
- Jordan inner and outer content and Jordan measurable bounded sets in $\mathbb{R}^m$
Used by
- The washer formula for a solid of revolution between two nonnegative profiles Corollary
- ((0,1)∖ S)×(0,1) is bounded and open, but its boundary has positive Jordan outer content Counterexample
- A compact subset of ℝ³ need not be Jordan measurable Counterexample
- The rational points of [0,1]² form a bounded null set that is not Jordan measurable Counterexample
- The Smith–Volterra–Cantor slab S×[0,1] is compact and not Jordan measurable Counterexample
- Regular parametrized surface patches on compact Jordan parameter regions Definition
- Simple solid regions in a coordinate direction and their cyclic coordinate projection Definition
- A right circular cylinder is an elementary solid region, presented by two caps and four side quarters Example
- The closed ball is an elementary solid region, presented by the eight spherical octants Example
- The closed unit box, with its six faces, is an elementary solid region Example
- The Mobius band presented by two regular patches, with normal comparison on the interiors of the overlap components Example
- The right triangle {(x,y)∈[0,1]²:x+y≤1} has Jordan content 1/2 Example
- The shell and washer methods both give 8π/3 for a rotated parabolic cap Example
- FALSE: every bounded plane set has Jordan area False statement
- A bounded open Jordan set has an increasing exhaustion by compact finite unions of grid rectangles with vanishing content remainder Lemma
- A compact subset of an open Euclidean set has a compact Jordan neighborhood inside that open set Lemma
- Additivity of the integral over finitely many Jordan pieces that fill a Jordan set up to content zero Lemma
- Change of variables for a C¹ map injective and regular only on the interior of a compact Jordan set Lemma
- Content-zero parameter-boundary exceptions do not affect surface integrals Lemma
- Finite Jordan covers bound upper integrals, while interior-disjoint Jordan subfamilies bound lower integrals Lemma
- Integration over the signed shuffle equals the product of simplex integrals Lemma
- Internal faces cancel and volume integrals add when elementary solid regions are glued Lemma
- On a small cube, a C¹ diffeomorphism distorts Jordan content by factors arbitrarily close to its linearized absolute determinant Lemma
- Shared boundary arcs cancel when finitely many elementary regions are glued Lemma
- The boundary of a solid between continuous graphs over a compact Jordan base has content zero Lemma
- The flux of a single-component field through a graph face is a base integral of its trace Lemma
- The plane Gaussian integral equals π by polar coordinates Lemma
- Agreement with classical Gauss flux in Euclidean space Proposition
- Conventions and proved scope for the Riemann integral in ℝᵐ and Jordan content Remark
- The term “rectifiable” for Jordan measurable sets is unrelated to rectifiable curves Remark
- A continuous real function on a compact Jordan measurable set is Riemann integrable over that set Theorem
- A linear endomorphism of ℝⁿ sends bounded Jordan sets to bounded Jordan sets and scales their content by the absolute determinant Theorem
- A region between two continuous graphs is Jordan measurable, and a continuous integrand extending to its closure integrates by vertical sections Theorem
- A solid between continuous graphs over a compact Jordan base is Jordan measurable and integrates by vertical sections Theorem
- An injective C¹ map with invertible derivative sends compact Jordan sets to compact Jordan sets Theorem
- Lebesgue outer measure is at most Jordan outer content, and a bounded Jordan measurable set is Lebesgue measurable with Lebesgue measure equal to its Jordan content Theorem
- The cylindrical-shell formula for a solid of revolution about the y-axis Theorem
- The volume of a three-ball by Cavalieri's cylinder-minus-cones proof Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
65 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- J. Lebl, Basic Analysis, Jordan Measurable Sets (standard reference, not scraped)
- J. Lebl, Basic Analysis, Outer Measure and Null Sets (standard reference, not scraped)