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SI and geometrized Einstein–Maxwell parameters — Examples

1 · Prerequisites

2 · Summary

Scope

The counterexample uses a conformally rescaled Minkowski metric with zero electromagnetic field to separate source-free Maxwell covariance from Einstein-equation covariance. The Coulomb calculation checks the SI charge coefficient against the geometric length parameter in the exact field normalization.

Both are conditional mathematical calculations. The source point is excluded from the Coulomb field domain; no singular source model, observation, or measured charge is asserted.

3 · Logical flowchart

4 · Definitions, postulates, theorems and proofs

None yet.

5 · Examples, experiments and counterexamples

CounterexampleConstruction: AI-adaptedVerification: AI-adaptedverified 2026-10-15 (gpt-6-luna, gpt-6.1-sol, and delegated Codex review/repair agents; see completed run evidence)Open item page →

Conformal Maxwell symmetry fails to preserve electrovac geometry

Statement refuted

Fix positive constants c,G,μ0 and κ=8πG/c4 as in Exact geometric electrovac normalization. On the smooth oriented Lorentzian four-manifold of Oriented Lorentzian fields, observers and coordinate conventions, a source-free electrovac solution with Λ=0 here means a metric g and smooth real two-form F satisfying

Gab(g)=κμ0Qab(g,F),dF=0,d(⋆gF)=0,

where Qab(g,F)=FacFbc−14gabFcdFcd with indices raised by g−1, as in Exact geometric electrovac normalization, and d,⋆g are the operators used in Four-dimensional conformal Maxwell covariance. These equations define a mathematical solution class, without an assertion about nature.

Claim: in four dimensions, conformal covariance of the source-free Maxwell equations implies that every positive conformal rescaling of a source-free electrovac solution is again a solution of the same electrovac Einstein equations with Λ=0, keeping F and the numerical constants fixed.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The conformal Maxwell covariance and Einstein-tensor transformation identities of Four-dimensional conformal Maxwell covariance and Conformal Einstein tensor transformation, on the smooth Lorentzian geometry of Oriented Lorentzian fields, observers and coordinate conventions. The inherited geometric setup carries ACω as in [A1].

[F1]

A smooth positive conformal rescaling in four dimensions preserves the source-free Maxwell equations when F=0 and j=0. (Four-dimensional conformal Maxwell covariance)

[F2]

For g~=Ω2g and u=Ω−1dΩ, the scalar curvature is S~=Ω−2(S−6θ−6s), with θ=gab∇aub and s=gabuaub. (Conformal Einstein tensor transformation)

[F3]

The metric-selected connection has the Christoffel formula Γabc=12gad(∂bgdc+∂cgbd−∂dgbc). (Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class)

[F4]

The Einstein tensor is Gab=Ric⁡ab−12Sgab, so gabGab=−S in four dimensions. (The Riemann curvature operator and the derived Ricci, scalar and Einstein tensors)

[F5]

The Lorentzian spacetime is a smooth oriented and time-oriented four-manifold with arbitrary smooth real two-forms, so it admits the zero field F=0 on the stated domain. (Oriented Lorentzian fields, observers and coordinate conventions)

[F6]

The coupled equation and quadratic tensor are those of Exact geometric electrovac normalization: Gab=(κ/μ0)Qab(g,F) at Λ=0; its quadratic definition gives Q(g,0)=0 for either metric.

[A1]

The inherited choice assumption is Countable Choice ACω, not full Choice. (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω))

Counterexample

Given: R4 with coordinates (x0,x1,x2,x3), Minkowski metric η=diag⁡(−1,1,1,1), standard orientation and time orientation, zero field and current, and Λ=0. Choose a real k≠0 with inverse-length units, and define Ω(x)=ekx1 and g~=Ω2η.

1.1givenF3F4F5F6A1algebra

The constant components of η have zero Christoffel symbols by [F3], hence zero curvature and G(η)=0 by [F4]. Also Q(η,0)=0, while [F5] admits F=0, which satisfies both source-free Maxwell equations. Thus (η,0,0) is an exact source-free electrovac solution.

2.1givenF2step 1.1algebra

For this Ω, u=Ω−1dΩ=k dx1. Since the background connection is flat with constant coefficients, Hab=∇aub=0 and θ=0; because x1 is spacelike, s=ηabuaub=k2. The scalar-curvature formula [F2] therefore gives S~=−6k2e−2kx1, which is nonzero at every point.

3.1F1F4F6step 2.1algebra∎

Maxwell remains satisfied because the field and current are still zero. If the rescaled pair solved the electrovac Einstein equation with Λ=0, it would have G~=0; tracing this equation and using [F4] would force S~=0, contradicting step 2.1. Hence conformal Maxwell covariance does not imply conformal electrovac Einstein covariance.

ExampleConstruction: AI-generatedVerification: AI-generatedverified 2026-10-15 (gpt-6-luna, gpt-6.1-sol, and delegated Codex review/repair agents; see completed run evidence)Open item page →

Coulomb field and geometric charge scale

Example

On the exterior region r>0 of oriented Minkowski four-space, use length coordinates x0=ct and radial coordinate r in metres. For a signed charge parameter Qe in coulombs, consider the smooth Coulomb two-form whose only independent spherical component is

F0r=−Qe4πε0c r2.

The singular source point r=0 is outside the domain; this example records no measurement or distributional source.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The positive conversion parameters and F=αF of SI and geometrized Einstein–Maxwell parameters, the Lorentzian coordinate convention of Oriented Lorentzian fields, observers and coordinate conventions, and the exact geometric electrovac normalization of Exact geometric electrovac normalization. The inherited geometric setup carries ACω as in [A1].

[F1]

The definitions give α=κ/(2μ0), κ=8πG/c4, and ε0μ0c2=1. (SI and geometrized Einstein–Maxwell parameters)

[F2]

The same two-form is rescaled by F=αF in the exact geometric Einstein normalization. (Exact geometric electrovac normalization)

[A1]

The inherited choice assumption is Countable Choice ACω, not full Choice. (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω))

Verification

1.1givenF1A1algebra

From [F1], α2=4πG/(μ0c4)=4πGε0/c2. Since α>0, this gives α=4πGε0/c and hence α/(4πε0c)=G/(4πε0c4); the positivity assumptions justify taking the positive square root.

2.1givenF2step 1.1algebra∎

Multiplying the Coulomb component by α and using the equality in step 1.1 yields F0r=αF0r=−G/(4πε0c4) Qe/r2=−qgeo/r2. By [F2], this is the geometric charge coefficient in the exact normalized Einstein equation. The equality is valid only on r>0 and introduces no point-source solution at the excluded origin.

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